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Michael B. LupferDepartment of Psychology
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Michael B. LupferDepartment of Psychology
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| 2002-present | Professor Emeritus | The University of Memphis |
| 1976-2002 | Professor of Psychology | The University of Memphis |
| Spring 1993 | Visiting Scholar | Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN |
| Fall 1990 | Adjunct Professor of Psychology | Rhodes College, Memphis, TN |
| 1977-79 | Acting Co-Chair of Department of Psychology | The University of Memphis |
| 1977-78; 1966-70 | Lecturer | The University of Tennessee School of Social Work |
| 1984-2000; 1970-79 | Coordinator of Undergraduate Program in Psychology | The University of Memphis |
| 1970-76 | Associate Professor of Psychology | The University of Memphis |
| 1964-70 | Assistant Professor of Psychology | The University of Memphis (formerly Memphis State University), Memphis, TN |
| 1959-60; 1962 | Instructor and Psychological Examiner | The Mills School, Ft. Lauderdale, FL |
| 1964 | Ph.D. (Psychology) | University of Miami (FL) |
| 1963 | M.S. (Psychology) | University of Miami (FL) |
| 1959 | B.A. (Psychology) | Rhodes College (formerly Southwestern at Memphis) |
Prior to retirement in 2002, most of my teaching has centered around social psychology, my primary area of specialization. I regularly taught both undergraduate and graduate courses in social psychology and, in addition, conducted seminars in more specialized topics such as group dynamics, political psychology, role theory, prejudice and stereotyping, attribution theory, and research methods in social psychology. Each year I also taught an undergraduate course in statistics and our department's entry-level graduate course in statistics. While I am now officially retired, I am participating in the university's Post-Retirement Program and, each fall am teaching an undergraduate course in statistics and a graduate course in statistics. While I am now officially retired, I have continued to teach part-time.My research interests shifted over the years. During the 1970s and early 1980s, I collaborated with several political scientists in examining the role of social psychological factors in shaping political behavior and attitudes (Lupfer & Price, 1972; Wald & Lupfer, 1978; Lupfer & Wald, 1979; Wald & Lupfer, 1987). Later, much of my research focused on questions about attribution and inference, including spontaneous inferences (Lupfer, Clark & Hutcherson, 1990) and religious attributions (Lupfer, Brock & DePaola, 1992; Lupfer & Layman, 1996; Weeks & Lupfer, in press). In the latter 1990s, several colleagues and I examined several research questions concerning conceptions of justice (Lupfer, Doan & Houston, 1998; Lupfer, Weeks, Doan & Houston, 2000) as well as the processes and biases underlying appraisals of other's 'character' (Lupfer and Gingrich, 1999; Lupfer, Weeks, and Depuis, 2000).
Licensed by the Tennessee Board of Examiners in Psychology with specialized competence in measurement and statistics. License number: P-1298.
Winner, The University of Memphis Distinguished Teaching Award, 1986.Winner, W. Russell Smith Award for Teaching Excellence in the College of Arts and Sciences, 1992.
Weeks, M., & Lupfer, M. B. (2004). Complicating race: The relationship between prejudice, race and social class categorizations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 972-984.Stewart, T. L., Weeks, M., & Lupfer, M. B. (2003). Spontaneous stereotyping: A matter of prejudice? Social Cognition, 21, 247-262.
Lupfer, M. B., Weeks, K. P., Doan, K. A., & Houston, D. A. (2000). Folk conceptions of fairness and unfairness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 405-428.
Lupfer, M. B., Weeks, M., & Dupuis, S. (2000). How pervasive is the negativity bias in judgments based on character appraisal? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1353-1366.
Weeks, M., & Lupfer, M. B. (2000). Religious attributions and proximity of influence: An investigation of direct interventions and distal explanations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 39, 348-362.
Lupfer, M. B., & Gingrich, B. E. (1999). When bad (good) things happen to good (bad) people: The impact of character appraisal and perceived controllability on judgments of deservingness. Social Justice Research, 12, 165-188.
Lupfer, M. B., Doan, K., Houston, D. A. (1998). Explaining unfair and fair outcomes: The therapeutic value of attributional analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 495-511.
Gingrich, B. E., Houston, D. A., & Lupfer, M. B. (1998). Combining trait and stereotype expectancies in person memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1120-1129.
Lupfer, M. B., & Layman, E. (1996). Invoking naturalistic and religious attributions: A case of applying the availability heuristic? The representativeness heuristic? Social Cognition, 14(1), 55-76.
Lupfer, M. B., Tolliver, D., & Jackson, M. (1996). Explaining life-altering occurrences: A test of the 'God-of-the-gaps' hypothesis. Journal for the Experimental Study of Religion, 35(4), 379-391.
Lupfer, M. B., DePaola, S. J., Brock, K. F., & Clement, L. (1994). Making secular and religious attributions: The availability hypothesis revisited. Journal for the Experimental Study of Religion, 33, 162-171.
Shea, J. J., III, Domico, E. H., & Lupfer, M. B. (1994, January 15). Speech perception after multichannel cochlear implantation in the pediatric patients. The American Journal of Otology, 3R7, 66-70.
Lupfer, M. B., Brock, K. F., & DePaola, S. J. (1992). The use of secular and religious attributions to explain everyday behavior. Journal for the Experimental Study of Religion, 31, 486-503.
DePaola, S. J., Neimeyer, R. A., Lupfer, M. B., & Fiedler, J. (1992). Death concern and attitudes toward the elderly in nursing home personnel. Death Studies, 16, 537-555.
Lupfer, M. B., Clark, L. F., & Hutcherson, H. W. (1990). Impact of context on spontaneous trait and situational attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 239-249.
Dwyer, W. O., Graesser, A. C., Hopkinson, P. L., & Lupfer, M. B. (1990). Application of script theory to police officers' use of deadly force. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 17, 295-301.
Lupfer, M. B., Hopkinson, P. L., & Kelley, P. A. (1988). An exploration of the attributional styles of Christian fundamentalists and of authoritarians. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 389-398.
Steward, A. L., & Lupfer, M. B. (1987). Touching as teaching: The effect of touch on students' perceptions and performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 800-809.
Wald, K. D., & Lupfer, M. B. (1987). 'Human nature' in mass political thought: What people think about people and what people think about politics. Social Science Quarterly, 68, 19-33.
Lupfer, M. B., Cohen, R., Bernard, J. L., & Brown, C. M. (1987). The influence of level of moral reasoning on the decisions of jurors. Journal of Social Psychology, 127, 653-667.
Lupfer, M. B., Cohen, R., Bernard, J. L., & Smalley, D. (1986). Presenting favorable and unfavorable character evidence to juries. Law and Psychology Review, 10, 59-71.
Obstfeld, L. S., Lupfer, M. B., & Lupfer, S. L. (1985). Exploring the relationship between gender identity and sexual functioning. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 11(4), 248-258.
Lupfer, M. B., & Wald, K. D. (1985). An exploration of adults' religious orientations and their philosophies of human nature. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 24(3), 293-304.
Bernard, J. L., Cohen, R., & Lupfer, M. B. (1985). The influence of jurors' level of moral reasoning and the nature of closing arguments in determining a verdict in a civil case: A report of two experiments. Law and Psychology Review, 9, 93-102.
Lupfer, M. B., Cohen, R., Bernard, J. L., Smalley, D., & Schippmann, J. (1985). An attributional analysis of jurors' verdicts. Journal of Social Psychology, 125, 743-751.
Lupfer, M. B., & Rosenberg, J. P. (1983). Differences in adults' political orientations as a function of age. Journal of Social Psychology, 119, 125-133.
Wald, K. D., & Lupfer, M. B. (1983). Religion and political attitudes in the urban south. In T. A. Baker, R. P. Sneed, & L. W. Moreland (Eds.), Religion and Politics in the South (pp. 84-100). New York: Praeger.
Lupfer, M. B., & Silber, B. G. (1981). How patients view mandatory waiting period for abortion. Perspectives, 13(2), 75-79.
Lupfer, M. B., & Wald, K. D. (1979). An experimental study of the first Carter-Ford debate. Experimental Study of Politics, 7(1), 20-40.
Lupfer, M. (1978). Youths' views of the president: the relationship between affect and cognition. Social Science Quarterly, 59(2), 355-361.
Wald, K. D., & Lupfer, M. B. (1978). The presidential debate as a civics lesson. Public Opinion Quarterly, 42, 342-353.
Maddock, R. C., Kenny, C. T., Lupfer, M. B., & Rosen, C. V. (1976). A nonreactive measure of lost time among employees. The Journal of Psychology, 92, 199-203.
Lupfer, M. B., & Kenny, C. (1976). The impact of Watergate on youths' views of the presidency. Public Affairs Forum, 5(6), 1-8.
Dunn, J., & Lupfer, M. (1974). A comparison of black and white boys' performance on self-paced and reactive sports activities. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 4(1), 24-35.
Price, D., & Lupfer, M. (1973). Volunteers for Gore: The impact of a precinct-level campaign in three Tennessee cities. Journal of Politics, 35(2), 410-438.
Lupfer, M., & Price, D. (1972). On the merits of face-to-face campaigning. Social Science Quarterly, 53(3), 534-543. (Reprinted in Human Behavior, August, 1973.)
Lupfer, M., & Jones, M. (1972). Group risk taking as a function of three incentive conditions. The Journal of Psychology, 80, 273-282.
Lupfer, M. B., & Jones, M. (1971). Risk taking as a function of skill and chance orientations. Psychological Reports, 28, 27-33.
Lupfer, M. B., Jones, M., Spaulding, L., & Archer, R. (1971). Risk taking in cooperative and competitive dyads. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 15(3), 385-392.
Lupfer, M. B. (1970). The effects of risk taking tendencies and incentive conditions on the performance of investment groups. The Journal of Social Psychology, 82, 135-36.
Lupfer, M. B., Kay, J., & Burnette, S. (1969). The effect of picketing on the sale of toy guns. The Journal of Social Psychology, 77, 197-200. (Reprinted in Bickman, L., & Hency, T. (1972). Beyond the Laboratory: Field Research in Social Psychology. Also reprinted in Lindgren, H. C. (1973). Contemporary Research in Social Psychology. Second Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Lupfer, M. B., & Dertke, M. (1968). Instructor's Manual to accompany Social Psychology by J. McDavid and H. Harari. New York: Harper and Row.
Lupfer, M. B., Eddy, D., & Houston, D. A. (2002, May). Judging the fairness of outcomes: Does the 'cancellation-and-focus model' apply? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.Weeks, M., & Lupfer, M. B. (2002, February). The relationship between racial and social class categorization. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Savannah, GA.
Lupfer, M. B., & Weeks, M. (2000, May). Is judging people "by the content of their character" just another stereotypic appraisal? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Weeks, M., & Lupfer, M. B. (2000, February). Examining the distal use of religions attributions. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Nashville, TN.
Stewart, T. L., Weeks, M., Lupfer, M. B., & Weeks, K. P. (2000, February). Spontaneous stereotyping: A matter of prejudice? Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Nashville, TN.
Eddy, D., Houston, D. A., & Lupfer, M. B. (1999, April). The fundamental attribution error: Racial effects on causal attributions. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Eddy, D., Houston, D. A., & Lupfer, M. B. (1999, April). The fundamental attribution error: Evidence for inconsistencies in causal attributions. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Weeks, M., Lupfer, M.B., & Houston, D. A. (1999, April). An on-line examination of a social expectancy's effect on encoding. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Eddy, D., Houston, D. A., & Lupfer, M. B. (1999, April). The fundamental attribution error: Effects of stereotypic information on causal attributions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Lupfer, M. B., Dupuis, S. E., Weeks, M., Weeks, K. P., Rimmer, K., & Eddy, D. (1998, May). The diagnosticity of negative vs. positive character information. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Gingrich, B. E., Houston, D. A., Lupfer, M. B., & Doan, K. A. (1996, May) Stereotypes and attributions: The impact of prejudice level on the attributions made for negative and positive stereotypic behavior. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Gingrich, B., Houston, D. A, & Lupfer, M. (1995, June) The effects of interacting expectancies on person perception: Memory for behaviors. Poster presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, New York, NY.
Clark, L. F., & Lupfer, M. B. (1994, April). Context effects in spontaneous trait-relevant and situational inferences: On-line and retrieval-based methodologies. Paper presented at the European Conference on Social Cognition, Vendome, France.
Lupfer, M. B., Tolliver, D., & Jackson, M. (1993, May). When bad (good) things happen to good (bad) people: Attributions made to equitable and inequitable occurrences. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Lupfer, S. L., Watters, D., Black, K., & Lupfer, M. B. (1993, November). The impact of the college human sexuality course on sexual literacy and traditional family ideology. Paper presented at the annual meeting of The Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Chicago, IL.
Lupfer, M. B., Brock, K., & DePaola, S. J. (1992, August). The use of religious and secular attributions to explain everyday behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Eakin, T. L., Lichstein, K. L., Moore, M. K., & Lupfer, M. B. (1989, March). Directionality in the blood volume pulse biofeedback treatment of migraine. Paper presented at the annual meeting of Society of Behavioral Medicine, San Francisco, CA.
Rosenberg, J. P., & Lupfer, M. B. (1981, April). Is one what one experiences? The effect of milestone events on the political attitudes of Memphis adults. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Cincinnati, OH.
Lupfer, M., & Kenny, C. T. (1974, March). Was Watergate just "a bunch of honky jive?": The impact of Watergate on black and white youths' views of the presidency. Paper presented to the National Science Foundation Seminar on Political Socialization, University of Texas (Austin). Also presented at meeting of American Psychological Association, New Orleans, September, 1974.
Lupfer, M., & Kenny, C. (1974, September). Children's reactions to the President: Pre- and post-Watergate findings. Paper presented at meeting of American Political Science Association, Chicago.
Lupfer, M., Kenny, C. T., Finnell, S., & Silver, J. (1973, April). Social influences on children's presidential preferences. Paper presented at meeting of Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans.
Kenny, C. T., Lupfer, M., & Silver, J. (1973, April). A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's perceptions of government. Paper presented at meeting of Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans.
Joure, S., Frye, R., Ward, M., & Lupfer, M. (1972, April). Hierarchical achievement motivation of females. Paper presented at meeting of Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.
Lupfer, M., & Kirk, R. (1969, March). A factor analytic study of role behavior in small groups. Paper presented at meeting of Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans.
Cox, R., & Lupfer, M. (1967, April). An autokinetic sensation with controlled eye movements. Paper presented at meeting of Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.
Lupfer, M. (1964). Role enactment as a function of orientation, expectations, and duration of interaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Miami. Supported in part by National Science Foundation Institutional Grant.
Lupfer, M. (1963, April). Personality factors and patterns of behavior in small groups. Unpublished masters' thesis, University of Miami. Presented at meeting of Southeastern Psychological Association, Miami Beach.
Reviewer of manuscripts submitted to Journal of Experimental Social Psychology; Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin; Social Cognition; Journal for the Experimental Study of Religion; European Journal of Social Psychology; Anxiety, Stress and Coping; 1985-present.Member, Board of Directors, Midtown Mental Health Center, 1997-present.
Member, Education Task Force, Goals for Memphis, 1988.
Member, Governor's Commission on Excellence in Public Education, 1984-1988.
Chair, Ethics Committee, Tennessee Psychological Association (Western Region), 1981-82.
President, West Tennessee Association for Gifted Children, 1980-1981.
President, Memphis Area Psychological Association, 1977.
Advisory Board, Leath Street Day Care Center, 1970-72.
Advisory Board, The Bodine School, 1970-73.
Workshop leader, Union Planters National Bank, 2002. Conducted workshops to teach staff the use of the SPSS software package and interpretation of output.Statistical consultant, Winston Weber & Associates, 1992-2000. Developed analytical scheme for estimating probabilities of successful partnerships between manufacturers and retailers. Clients included Tambrands, Johnson & Johnson, and Gillette.
Research and statistical consultant, Yacoubian Research, Inc., 1983-present. Occasionally help design questionnaires and interviews for regional and nationwide surveys. Perform statistical analyses of survey data. Clients have included the Internal Revenue Service, Union Planters National Bank, Harrah's, Tupelo (MS) Board of Education, Jewish Federation of Memphis, Nashville Jewish Federation, and Sacred Heart League.
Research consultant, Yacoubian Research, Inc., 1983-present. Occasionally help design questionnaires and interviews for regional and nationwide surveys. Perform statistical analyses of survey data.
Consultant, Federal Express, 1999. Helped design questionnaires to assess FedEx employee attitudes toward information technology.
Consultant, Leadership Memphis, 1985-1996; designed selection process; train judges each year and supervise selection process.
Workshop leader, Youth Villages, 1995. Conducted workshops to teach staff use of SPSS for Windows.
Workshop leader, First Tennessee Bank, 1995. Conducted workshops to teach staff use of SPSS for Windows.
Statistical consultant, Cell Therapy Research Foundation, 1992 and 1994. Performed statistical analyses on effects of cell therapy on boys suffering from multiple dystrophy.
Statistical consultant, Shea Clinic, 1992-1994. Performed statistical analyses of auditory abilities of patients before and after receiving cochlear implants.
Statistical consultant, Winston Weber & Associates, 1992-1994. Developed analytical scheme for estimating probabilities of successful technological partnerships between manufacturers and retailers.
Research consultant and expert witness, Office of the Attorney General, State of Tennessee, 1985. Performed statistical analyses of voting data in 90 rural Tennessee counties; testified in Federal court on results of statistical analyses.
Research consultant; Jacobs, Griffith, Eddins and Powell; 1984. Conducted statistical analysis of voter registration records for Cleveland, MS, legal firm in preparation for trial.
Program evaluator, Memphis-Shelby County Head Start Program, 1983-84. Designed and carried out an evaluation study assessing effectiveness of the program in preparing children for first grade academic work.
Member, Team Building Project, Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division, 1983. Served on interdisciplinary team which conducted workshops on group dynamics, managing social change, etc.
Research consultant, Christian Psychological Center, 1982. Assisted in planning an opinion survey of parents of students at Presbyterian Day School; carried out statistical analysis of results.
Research consultant, Schering-Plough, Inc., 1981-1988. Assisted in designing clinical experiments; responsible for statistical analysis of experimental data.
Research Consultant, Memphis Planned Parenthood, 1979-80. Executed opinion surveys which comprised part of legal evidence in successful court action in Tennessee and Kentucky.
Survey Researcher and Public Opinion Consultant, Chickasaw Environmental Association, 1975-76.
Research Consultant, Community Day Care and Comprehensive Social Services, 1976. Conducted opinion survey of mothers with children in community day care centers.
Research Consultant, Runaway House of Memphis, 1976. Conducted opinion survey of Memphians about services of Runaway House.
Public Opinion Consultant, Election Campaign of James F. Schaeffer, Candidate for U. S. Congress, Sixth Congressional District (Tennessee), 1974.
Public Opinion Consultant, Reelection Campaign of Senator Albert Gore, Sr., 1970.
Research Consultant, Project Head Start, Memphis City Schools, 1965-66.