Alcohol Drugs and Behavior Lecture - November 3rd, 2003

Doug's daughter won at soccer again. They are a beast of a team or 
something.

Don't miss the presentations becuase if you do then you have to 
listen to the presentations you missed that will be recorded.

If you do not listen to them then a letter grade will be docked
from your points for each presentation missed.

10 Page Max Papers are due December 1st

Two other drugs today....
One of them Doug's convinced of being a drug - Nicotine
The other not - Caffeine

Nicotine....

Long past

Many formats - The most common route of administration = inhalation.

via the lungs. (they are very good at exchange of chemicals so the uptake
of nicotine is very quick.)

The PH of nicotine cuases the only really viable area of 
entry to the body systems to be the lungs.

The PH of the tobacco leaf (for cigar or pipe smoke) causes it
to be viable in the mouth as well.

In Chewing tobacco the PH is right for mouth administration.
Snuff (taken through the nose) used to be a fashionable way of use

Its also administered through gum. (As a way to quit smoking)

It can also be absorbed through the skin I.E. Nicotine patches.



Health Risk of Nicotine would look like ....

Health Effect
I    /     <------ That is the line for health benefits (Going up being
I   /	    	   Bad below the 0 line being good)
I  /
I /
I/__________________________  This is the 0 Line
I
I
I__________________________
	Uses

This means that there is no positive health benefit to smoking.

The negative effects far outway any positive effects. (Positive effects
like weight loss, and relaxation); (Negative effects like cancer and
other monumental health risks.)

NOTHING POSITIVE by any means when in regards to health.

-Mechanism of action...

Nictotine = AcetylColine - Agonist

I
I       /-/---------
I      / /
I      I I
I      I I
I      / /
I     / /
I-------
I__________________________________

it appears that nicotine basically does nothing in this case


I
I      /-------/-------
I     /       /
I     I       I
I     I       I
I     /       /
I    /       /
I------------
I
I__________________________________
Here there is a shift in the curve.


We have some receptors that respond to differnt substances
two types of acetylcolene receptors - Nicotine and Muscarine

Nicotitic and Muscaritic Acetylcolene receptors exist.

If there is a motor neuron synapsing on a muscle the neurotransmitter that
is released to activate this is Acetylcolene.


So this means that Acetylcolene is a stimulant at the input potential.
(Or excitation)

At the heart it is an inhibitory.

Both of these areas are nicotic receptors.
So it slows heart rate and gives "jitters"

So there must be more than one type of nicotine receptor (as has been said)

To become addicted to something...
There must be an increase of dopamine in the nucleas encumbines.

Nicotine effects acetylcolene.
For it to be addictive it must effect dopamine somehow.
(So there is some link somehow)

Tobacco companies said "Hey look its not adddictive becuase Nicotine
doesn't effect Dopamine but Acetylcolene!"

So what happens?

On the VTA neurons there exist nicotetic acetylcolene receptors.
When they are stimulated they cuase more dopamine to be released to the 
encumbines.
(Thusly its addictive by an indirect route.)