August 10th, 2004 We go over some testage Multiply your score by 1.428 to get the 80 point value. We had 5 A's ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pharmacology... Remember what can happen to Neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. 4 things! Drug - anything that is placed into the body. - Alcohol - Narcotics etc.. - FOOD - Synthetic body material - Vitamins. Etc... These drugs interact somehow in the synapse area to achieve their desired effect. Drugs can enter the body through different ways. 1.) Orally You can ingest it through the mouth which then flows down to the stomach which is connected to the small intestine which absorbs most of the drug. 2.) Mouth Cavity The actual absorbtion process occurs in the actual mucous membrane inside of the mouth cavity. 3.) Nasally Mucous membranes inside of the nose and Nasal lining absorb the drug through vascularized membranes. 4.) Lungs Inhalation causes the material to f 5.) I.V. Intervenous Putting the drug directly into the vein 6.) Sub Q Putting directly under the first layer of skin. 7.) Intermuscular Absorbed into the muscle tissue 8.) Anully Absorbed through the rectum 9.) PT Peretenium. Absorbed in this area of fluid. Sigmoidal curve (S Shaped) Effect I _________ I / I / I / I / I----- I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin The system can be saturated where adding more drug has no added effect. If a drug produces the same effect as the neurotransmitter does (when given by itself) it is called an AGONIST Effect I _________ I / I / I / This curve shows the effect as both the NT and the drug (they are I / identical. DRUG A I----- I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin Effect I _________ I / I / This curve shows what happens when the NT and drug are given I / at the same time. (Its called a leftward shift in the curve) I / INCREASED EFFECT. I-- I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin A drug that follows to the above curves and effects is called an AGONIST! Effect I _________ I / I / This curve shows the effects of each by itself. (They are the I / same effect.) DRUG B I / I----- I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin Effect I I I __________ I / I / This is when drug B and NT are given simultaneously. A rightward I------- shift in the curve and a decreased effect. I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin This above drug is known as an INVERSE AGONIST! It acts like the NT by itself and it decreases effects when administered together with NT!!! Effect I _________ I / I / NT I / Here we see that C has no effect where NT has effect. I / I----- Drug C I____________________ I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin Effect I I _________ When administered simultaneously the effect is a I / reduction on the initial curve of NT. I / I----/ I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin Competetive Antognist has no effect on its own and reduces the effect of the NT!! Effect I _________ I / I / NT Drug does have no effect. I / I / I----- Drug D I____________________ I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin Effect I I I I I I DRUG D and NT together have NO EFFECT AT ALL! I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin NON COMPETETIVE ANTOGNIST!! Causes complete blocking of the effect of the NT Effect I _________ I / I / NT Drug E has no effect on its own. I / I / I----- Drug E I___________________ I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin Effect I _________ I / I / Administered together DRUG E and NT shift the curve left and the I / effect is increased. I / I--- I___________________ 0 Lots Amount Admin This drug is called a CO RECEPTOR AGONIST!!!!! It has no effect on its own but increases the effect when combined. If a chemical or behavior is addictive it increases DOPAMINE levels in the Projection synapse from the VTA to the NaCC.